Sanguinarine, Sanguinarine Chloride

Sanguinarine (Sanguinarine chloride，CAS NO.5578-73-4,Formula: C20H14NO4.Cl) a quaternary benzo[c] phenanthridine alkaloid, is synthesised from dihydrosanguinarine, via the activities of dihydrobenzophenanthridine oxidase . It has been shown to have beneficial effects. It is antimicrobial, antifungal, adrenolytic, sympatholytic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory.

Primarily, Sanguinarine is used in oral healthcare products, such as toothpastes and mouthwashes, for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anti-plaque activity. Sanguinarine inhibits bacterial adherence to dental surfaces, reducing plaque formation and combating oral bacteria, which helps prevent tooth decay and gum disease. Its anti-inflammatory properties further enhance its efficacy in oral care.

Beyond dentistry, sanguinarine shows promise in pharmaceutical research, particularly for its anticancer potential. Studies indicate it induces apoptosis in various human cancer cells, including leukemia, prostate, breast, and colon cancers, by activating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibiting NF-κB pathways. However, its clinical use is limited due to unproven efficacy and potential toxicity, with the U.S. FDA warning against its use in cancer treatments. Sanguinarine also demonstrates antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant effects, making it a candidate for developing novel therapeutics for infections and chronic diseases. Additionally, it has been explored as a feed additive in animal husbandry for its anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial benefits. Despite these applications, caution is advised due to risks like oral leukoplakia and liver toxicity, necessitating further research to ensure safety and efficacy.

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